57 Main Parts of Drilling Rig
Introduction:
Drilling rigs represent the enthusiasm of men and turn many elements which studying its composition we are able to penetrate through the earth crust in order to extract necessary resources. Whether it is oil, gas, water or minerals that are being extracted, the various components within a drilling rig are a system that works together, with each of the parts interlinking to produce a display of harmony and might. In this multi-page article, we will reveal the functions of the two main categories of the 57 main components of a drilling rig and their importance in the drilling activity.
Derrick: This immense structure helps give some of the support to the drilling equipment, while also serving as a well-identified landmark in the areas of operation.
Mast: The mast is somewhat like a derrick but is usually transportable, and provides a vertical structure for drilling in transportable rigs.
Crown Block: Fixed at the top of the derrick or mast, the crown block helps coordinate the lifting and lowering of the drilling line on the rig.
Traveling Block: Connected to the drilling line the traveling block moves up and down the derrick or mast to aid in the operations of the drill string.
Drill String: The drill string which encloses the pipe and collars and other accessories through which drilling fluids and the rotary torque necessary for drilling is pumped.
Swivel: The swivel, connects the drill string to the kelly allow for rotation and circulation of the drilling fluid to the drill bit.
Kelly: A strong pipe section conveys rotary movement from the rotary table to the drill string, through the use of a hard thread connection, and soft thread connection.
Rotary Table: The circular structure by means of which the kelly and drill string is rotated to provide the necessary physical force for drilling.
Mud Pump: A force creator of the rig, the mud pump is used to pressurize the drilling fluid (mud) to be circulated down through the drill string to cool the bit as well as to transport rock cuttings to the surface.
Mud Tanks: Contemporary mud shops that hold and maneuver drilling fluid to enable the filtrate to separate solids before recycling.
Shale Shaker: A screen that vibrates and passes clean fluid through it isolating larger solids that do not pass through the screen.
Desander and Desilter: Equipment that filters the drilling fluid to even higher degree in order to improve its characteristics.
Mud Gas Separator: A safety device that filters out gas from the drilling fluid, minimizing on catastrophic set-backs such as blow-outs.
Choke Manifold: Controlling the rate of drilling fluids during key operations the choke manifold protects against pressure swings.
Blowout Preventer (BOP): An essential safety devise that cements the wellbore during emergencies; it does not allow pressure build up and control its discharge.
Annular Preventer: A kind of BOP that has a flexible sealing gasket that encompasses the drill string for the purpose of sealing.
Ram Preventer: Equipped with hydraulically operated rams, this BOP secures wellbore, and does not allow pressure entry into the well.
Mud Motor: By use of water pressure, the mud motor translates the hydraulic energy is translated to mechanical movement to turn the drill bit.
Bit Sub: The link between the drill bit and the drill string and enable the drill string to relay the rotation force in a manner that is uncomplicated.
Drill Bit: The drill bit is the productive and effective tool which removes, erodes or chips into the target formation in order to provide a means for exploration and production.
Stabilizers: Sitting at the bottom end of the drill string, stabilizers help provide a consistent positioning of the drill while in use.
Reamer: The reamer, increases the borehole diameter that allows for casing, or for downhole equipment to be used in well development.
Casing: It is used to reinforce the wall of the wellbore to withstand various pressure that maybe imposed on it, prevent the wellbore from caving in on itself or spewing out dirt and other materials that might be damaging to the immediate environment.
Cementing Head: Effector of cement injection into the casing, the cementing head ensures a firm cement to formation connection.
Cement Pump: Used to pump cement slurry into the casing to stabilize the well, the cement pump ensure the proper delivery of cement.
Cementing Plug: Used in cementing operations, the cementing plug prevents contamination between cement slurry and drilling fluid.
Tubing: Inside casing are placed the narrower pipes that deliver the fluids to and from the reservoir.
Christmas Tree: During the production processes, the well head is crowned with a complicated network of valves and other fittings.
Production Tubing: They being production tubing that discharges the extracted fluids to the surface, act as the lifeline of reservoir production.
Wellhead: Standing between casing and, offering operating management, wellhead is a connection between top and bottomhole operations.
Blowout Preventer (Surface): In addition to downhole BOPs, surface BOPs add another level of protection especially during drilling and production of a well.
Mud Logger's Cabin: Based in a separate cabin, the mud logger’s work is all about drilling parameters and cuttings’ examination.
Doghouse: Located at the convenient reach, the doghouse contains tools and equipment's to provide a convenient place for getting anything needed.
Pipe Rack: The organized domicile of drill pipes, casing and tubular, pipe rack enhances rig operation.
Draw works: Another major part of the rig facilities; the draw works is the primary control of the rig and manage the movement of the drill string; up and down.
Mud Return Line: This line helps in the disposal of the waste in the form of water based drilling fluid and the drilling formation cuttings.
Substructure: The solid ground base that lies beneath the derrick or mast, the substructure provides both, stability and sustenance.
Bails: The bails, which are located in the swivel and the travelling block’s hook connect efficiently with readily available connectors.
Standpipe: Connected between the mud pump and the rotary hose, the standpipe runs drilling fluid and can be regarded as a part of the drilling power.
Kelly Bushing: Communication with the kelly, the kelly bushing transmit torque and rotate from the rotary table.
Iron Roughneck: The iron roughneck automates the connections of drill pipe thus making the processes safer and effective.
Top Drive: Replacing the old fashioned kelly systems, it makes the top drive a modern marvel providing rotational power from the derrick or mast top.
Hydraulic Power Unit: The hydraulic power unit of the equipment make hydraulic power available to energize various rig components.
Generator: This generator’s main purpose is to furnish electrical energy to rig equipment and level lighting on the rig’s activities.
Mud Agitators: To prevent the formation of layers, separating and setting to the bottom, mud agitators churn the drilling fluid.
Mud Pit: Containing excess drilling fluid and cuttings, mud pits serve as temporary storage and waste management hubs.
Mud Mixer: Blending water, chemicals, and additives, mud mixers craft drilling fluid to exacting specifications.
Flare Stack: Safeguarding against gas release, flare stacks incinerate excess gas, mitigating environmental risks.
Mud Gas Separator (Poor Boy Degasser): An alternative gas removal system, poor boy degassers eliminate gas from drilling fluid, ensuring safety.
Mud Pump Suction Line: Drawing drilling fluid from mud tanks, suction lines power the mud pump's operations.
Junk Basket: Rescuing lost objects from the wellbore, and junk baskets ensure uninterrupted drilling.
Downhole Motor: Empowering horizontal and directional drilling, downhole motors navigate challenging formations with finesse.
Whipstock: Directing the drill bit's trajectory, whipstocks enable precise borehole navigation.
Fishing Tool: Retrieving lost equipment, and fishing tools salvage valuable assets from the wellbore.
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